一 | Sputnik spoke with Dr. D. B. Bhaaskara, CEO of the multinational company Roerich Healthcare, about the current state of pharma trade with Russia.,Sputnik: Can you explain the current state of pharma supplies to Russia?,D. B. Bhaaskara: Currently, pharmaceutical shipments of Indian firms to Russia are at the same level even after the sanctions. But, there are many proposals (supplies) that Russians are not getting from the European Union. Russians are looking for these materials (chemicals, excipients, APIs [Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients]) with several Indian manufacturers. They have to develop links with Indian firms. There are many proposals from Russia - these proposals are under consideration from the Indian side.,Sputnik: There were reports of delayed payments from Russia initially after sanctions. As we see, trade has jumped manifold in the energy and fertilizer sectors. Do you think payment issues have been resolved in other sectors as well?,D. B. Bhaaskara: Several Indian companies have signed contracts in yuan, which means they are ready to receive payment in China's yuan. Still, the preferred mode of settlement is in the Indian rupee. As export procedures closed successfully in USD/euro/INR, Russians set aside yuan contracts.,My company is receiving regular payment without any delay in Indian rupees or USD or sometimes in euros.,Sputnik: What about logistical issues, as sanctions hit the shipping sector?,D. B. Bhaaskara: The logistical issues are still there because few airlines — namely Aeroflot, Emirates, Qatar, and Turkish — are available for transportation. Transportation costs are slightly high because of no regular cargo consignments. They vary between $8-12 per kg compared to $5 per kg in a normal situation.,Cargo sea shipment is still in a mess. The only port in Gujarat accepts Russian shipping. Here again, the container price is very, very high. We have to pay anything between $9,000 - 12,000 for a container. When there was no conflict or sanctions, it was $2,500 per container.,We have tried to send our shipments via Iran. So, from Gujarat port, the shipment reaches an Iranian port, and from there, it goes via road or rail to Moscow. But, it is taking a much longer time. In general, it is supposed to arrive in 30-40 days, but on an experimental basis, some companies sent their materials via the Iran route, [and they are] still on their way even after two months.,Shanghai is very crowded and has also been hit by the pandemic, making it unsuitable for us. So, the only problem right now is logistics; there is no payment issue.,Some Russian companies have an account with European banks operating in Russia dealing in oil and gas payments. Those banks are being used to send money anywhere worldwide, even with sanctions.,Sputnik: Western firms intended to withdraw their operations in Russia in response to Moscow's special military operation. Do you see some significant investments from Indian pharma companies in Russia to fill the vacuum created by the west?,D. B. Bhaaskara: There are long-pending proposals from a couple of governors, such as [in] Volgograd and Kazan, inviting India's major pharma companies to set up manufacturing units in their region. But, due to the pandemic, nothing moved ahead.,A delegation will be going to Russia to explore the opportunities in Russia in July. A few Indian companies, such as Sun Pharma and Advance Pharma, have manufacturing units in Russia doing finished formulations.,Hopefully, some new companies are interested in setting up units there now. But, Russia is looking to scale up raw material manufacturing, e.g., API. For this, much homework related to regulation should be done between the two governments, especially under sanctions.,Also, big companies such as Sun Pharma, Aurbindo, and Dr. Reddy, all with significant exposure to the US market, may try to avoid investing in Russia because they are scared of the risk associated with sanctions.,Medium-scale companies can come forward to set up raw material (API) manufacturing in Russia. However, it is unclear whether Indian workers/professionals can go and work in Russia. Setting up a new unit in unknown topography with a different language and culture is a little complicated. A lot of these questions are unanswered.。 讯 生态环境部、自然资源部等部门日前联合印发《生态保护“十五五”规划》，推进山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和系统治理，构建从山顶到海洋的保护治理大格局。 规划提出，到2030年，生态空间格局持续优化，生态质量稳步改善，生物多样性丧失趋势得到有效缓解，优质生态产品供给更加丰富，生态系统多样性稳定性持续性不断提升，生态保护与修复监管制度进一步完善，国家生态安全得到有效保障。规划明确“十五五”时期的多项具体目标：包括自然保护地陆域面积占陆域国土面积比例不低于18%，生态质量指数（EQI）提升到86.5，水土保持率达到74%以上，森林覆盖率达到25.8%。持续优化生态空间格局。持续巩固以“三区四带”为骨架的国家生态安全屏障体系，构筑“三北”工程区绿色屏障。
二 | 建立健全国土空间规划动态维护机制，优化生态保护红线范围。全面推进以国家公园为主体、自然保护区为基础、各类自然公园为补充的自然保护地体系建设。统筹考虑区域生态结构完整性、生态功能重要性，优化生态保护与修复监管重点区域，并根据生态状况调查评估结果、人为活动影响情况等动态调整。
三 | 规划部署了推行自然生态系统休养生息，推进生态系统修复和提升城乡生态宜居品质三方面任务。规划对草原、森林、河湖、湿地等保护作出规定，并提出加强原生荒漠保护，推进冰川雪山冻土系统保护，加强典型海洋生态系统保护，严格管控围填海等。同时，规划要求完善城市绿地系统，推动公园绿地开放共享，加强城市湿地生态和水环境修复，加强农村小微水体水环境治理，保护乡村山体田园、河湖湿地原生风貌，深入实施乡村绿化美化，优先采用乡土树种。全面加强生物多样性保护。加强野生物种、遗传资源保护与可持续利用。
四 | 将生物多样性保护纳入城市相关法规、规划和政策制度体系。加强生物安全风险监测预警，持续推进外来入侵物种、生物技术应用、疫源疫病等领域风险识别、研判预警、应急处置。强化外来入侵物种监测管控，严格外来物种引入和生物技术产品环境释放审批。强化生态质量监测评估、严格生态保护监督执法、健全生态保护保障体系、深入推进生态文明示范建设等任务。版权申明：凡注有“”或电头为“”的稿件，均为独家版权所有，未经许可不得转载或镜像；授权转载必须注明来源为“”，并保留“”的电头。 。
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